If one is interested in managing fraud, one must measure the fraud rate to be able to assess the degree of the problem and the effectiveness of the fraud management technique. This paper offers a robust new method for estimating fraud rate, PRIDIT-FRE (PRIDIT-based Fraud Rate Estimation),...

In a well-designed enterprise risk management (ERM) program, the firm integrates risk management into the strategic planning process, addressing strategic risk, financial risk, operational risk, and hazard risk under a single overarching process. This is particularly important to large financial...

This paper examines the impact of insurer ratings changes on bond prices. Using insurer ratings from four major rating agencies and data covering the recent financial crisis period, we document that downgrades have a strong negative price impact on bond prices, especially when the downgrades are...