How should complementarities affect antitrust merger policy? I introduce a two-stage strategic model in which complementary input sellers offer supply schedules to producers and then engage in bilateral bargaining with producers. The main result is that there is a unique weakly dominant strategy...

General Motors' (GM) acquisition of Fisher Body is the classic example of market failure in the literature on contracts and the theory of the firm. According to the standard account, GM merged vertically with Fisher Body in 1926, a maker of auto bodies, because of concerns over...

This paper studies access pricing under three regimes: regulated access (VSR), negotiated access with discriminatory pricing (VSD) and negotiated access with non-discriminatory pricing (VSN). We compare each regime along three metrics: network quality, consumer surplus, and social welfare. To do...

We introduce a model of product innovation to examine how vertical mergers affect incentives to innovate. Incentives to innovate are the same for a vertically integrated platform that innovates in house and a product market gatekeeper that organizes an innovation tournament. A vertically...

We introduce a model of product innovation to examine how vertical mergers affect incentives to innovate. Incentives to innovate are the same for a vertically integrated platform that innovates in house and a product market gatekeeper that organizes an innovation tournament. A vertically...