This paper offers a critique of a recent paper on vertical restraints by four Federal Trade Commission staff members. The FTC staff based much of their analysis on a survey of 22 previously published case studies. We argue that the sample of 22 is biased toward cases in which vertical restraints...

In recent years, antitrust officials have recognized that vertical arrangements can cause competitive harm through two routes: first, they can facilitate collusion among rivals, and second, they can raise rivals’ costs and thereby create barriers to entry or expansion. In this paper, we...