The principle of data protection by design, as it is enshrined in article 25 of the GDPR, is difficult to apply in blockchains. This article will assess how the reliance on asymmetric encryption and other privacy enhancing technological architectures -necessary in a blockchain-based system-...

The rapidly evolving blockchain technology space has put decentralisation back into the focus of the design of techno-social systems, and the role of decentralised technological infrastructures in achieving particular social, economic, or political goals. In this entry we address how blockchains...

Trust is a key resource in financial transactions. Traditional financial institutions, and novel blockchain-based decentralized financial services (DeFi) rely on fundamentally different sources of trust and confidence. The former relies on heavy regulation, trusted intermediaries, clear rules...