This paper focuses on how technology might reshape payments going forward. It considers the policy issues and choices associated with crypto-currencies, stablecoins and sovereign digital currencies and emphasises that there is no single model for sovereign digital currency design.While Bitcoin...

The European Commission published its new Digital Finance Strategy on 24 September 2020 (DFS 2020). One of the centerpieces of the Strategy is the draft regulation on a pilot regime for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology (known as PilotR). The PilotR Proposal foresees...

DeFi – ‘Decentralized Finance' – has joined FinTech, RegTech, cryptocurrencies and digital assets as one of the most discussed emerging technological evolutions in global finance. Yet little is really understood about its meaning, legal implications and policy consequences. This article...

The European Commission published its new Digital Finance Strategy on 24 September 2020. One of the centrepieces of the Strategy is the draft Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA), designed to provide a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets in the EU.With MiCA the EU...