This study seeks to understand whether and to what extent High Frequency Trading (HFT) affects the probabilistic properties of the stock returns in five markets. More specifically, it focuses on the impact of HFT/Machine trading on five major stock indices, DAX, Nikkei 225, S&P 500, Russell...

This article considers the use of the long memory volatility process, FIGARCH, in representing Deutschemark-US dollar spot exchange rate returns for both high and low frequency returns data. The FIGARCH model is found to be the preferred specification for both high frequency and daily returns...