This paper analyzes two indexes in order to capture the volatility inherent in El Ninos Southern Oscillations (ENSO), develops the relationship between the strength of ENSO and greenhouse gas emissions, which increase as the economy grows, with carbon dioxide being the major greenhouse gas, and...

Although econometricians have been using Bollerslev’s (1986) GARCH (r, s) model for over a decade, the higher-order moment structure of the model remains unresolved. The sufficient condition for the existence of the higherorder moments of the GARCH (r, s) model was given by Ling (1999a). This...

This paper proposes a new method for estimating continuous-time stochastic volatility (SV) models for the S&P 500 stock index process using intraday high-frequency observations of both the S&P 500 index and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) implied (or expected) volatility index (VIX)....

This paper estimates the long memory volatility model for 16 agricultural commodity futures returns from different futures markets, namely corn, oats, soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, wheat, live cattle, cattle feeder, pork, cocoa, coffee, cotton, orange juice, Kansas City wheat, rubber, and...