We assess the quality of opening and closing prices for Nasdaq stocks by examining the effect that opening and closing call auctions (introduced in 2004) have had on price formation. Our use of measurement intervals of one minute or less sharpens the picture of intra-day volatility...

We show theoretically that a novel nonlinear interaction of fund flows and returns plays a central role in either moderating or amplifying the portfolio rebalancing demand of levered and inverse-levered ETFs (LETFs). Rebalancing, in turn, affects underlying’s and market’s return volatility....