Should long-term investors account for time-variation in model parameters? We develop a time-varying Vector Autoregressive model that can handle time-variation in intercepts, slopes, volatility and correlation, the leverage effect in volatility and fat tails. Long-term investors should take...

We develop a LSTM neural network for the joint prediction of volatility, realized volatility and Value-at-Risk. Regularization by means of pooling the dynamic structure for the different outputs of the models is shown to be a powerful method for improving forecasts and smoothing VaR estimates....