In turbulent and volatile markets options can be a preferred asset class for protection against adverse market movements. When volatility increases and markets become sparsely traded, it is not always effective to hedge adverse market movements using any option. Options, where the underlying is...

Volatility is a measure of the average yearly changes in the market prices. The high volatility of the oil price has been pivotal in the development of international petroleum exchanges. The low volatility of the gold price is the reason why market participants usually view gold as a wealth...

Financial markets exhibit high levels of volatility. Volatile markets are usually associated with high risks and uncertain investment returns. Financial institutions therefore, usually opt to hedge their investment portfolios against the high volatility using a suitable hedging structure. One...