For the lack of elicitability of expected shortfall (ES), many prediction models based on the joint loss function of ES and value-at-risk (VaR) have been proposed. However, these models typically assume that the ratio of ES to VaR is constant, which implies a static relationship between ES and...

While the risk return trade-off theory suggests a positive relationship between the expected return and the conditional volatility, the volatility feedback theory implies a channel that allows the conditional volatility to negatively affect the expected return. We examine the effects of the risk...

While the risk return trade-off theory suggests a positive relationship between the expected return and the conditional volatility, the volatility feedback theory implies a channel that allows the conditional volatility to negatively affect the expected return. We examine the effects of the risk...

The numerous literatures have recorded the closely connection across commodity and stock markets. This study empirically examines the role of 7 metal commodities (gold, silver, aluminum, plumbum, copper, zinc and nickel) in predicting G7 stock volatility. The results of individual factor...