Ten Central and Eastern European and two small insular countries have negotiated full membership with the EU. At the December 2002 European Council meeting it was decided that the management had been completed with ten of the twelve and that they could join the Union in May 2004. The purpose of...

This paper looks at how the Russian economy has developed under the leadership of Putin and how it spills over to its neighbours in the CIS region. It stresses the importance of international oil prices as a determinant of policies and outcomes in Russia and highlights how this has impacted...

This paper reviews the main macroeconomic trends and the debate on policy priorities in Italy since the advent of EMU. It argues that, in the decade up to the outbreak of the global crisis (1998-2007), in Italy the reform process came to a virtual standstill and fiscal policy was inconsistent...

This paper reviews the main macroeconomic trends and the debate on policy priorities in Italy since the end of the Nineties. In the decade up to the outbreak of the global crisis (1998-2007), in Italy the reform process came to a virtual standstill; this is partly due to the fragmentation of the...

Auch für die österreichische Wirtschaft erfolgte 2001 eine harte Landung der Konjunktur. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt hat sich um 1,1 % gegenüber 2000 erhöht. Die Arbeitslosenquote lag im Jahresdurchschnitt bei 3,9 %, die Lebenshaltungskosten um 2,3 % über dem Niveau des Vorjahres. 2002...

2001 erlebte die finnische Wirtschaft eine rasche und harte Landung der Konjunktur. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt nahm nur noch um knapp 3/4% zu. Entscheidend für das geringe Wachstum war die ausgeprägte Rezession des Exports, insbesondere die Absatzkrise des IT-Sektors. Aber 2002 stehen auch...