This paper studies the effect of electoral rule disproportionality and the effect of the number of competing parties on the degree of platform polarization by the means of a unidimensional spatial model with policy motivated parties. We show that platform polarization is decreasing in the level...

In the period after the break of the Great Recession a series of drastic changes in the political systems of many affected countries occurred: the predominant role of systemic parties in forming political outcomes was challenged and many previously non-systemic voices gained significant...

The Brexit vote took place three days before the June 26, 2016, Spain's parliamentary elections, in which anti-systemic parties performed worse compared to the previous elections (December 2015) despite the optimistic predictions of the pre-election polls and the surge in the support for...