This article critically assesses three links on how trade might harm the environment. First, trade liberalisation might exacerbate existing levels of resource depletion and en-vironmental pollution. Second, open borders might allow companies to migrate to ‘pol-lution havens', thus undermining...

This article discusses whether the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEU) is actually more environmentally friendly than the WTO agreements and whether it can provide a role model for greening the WTO agreements. It analyses whether European Union (EU) member states have greater leeway...

Economic, political and legal developments in the 1990s occa-sioned OECD members to start negotiations on a multilateral agreement on investment (MAI) in 1995. Three years later these negotiations broke down. While internal disagreements abounded, the opposition from parts of civil society had...

Trade measures play several important functions in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). However, because they restrict the free flow of goods between countries, these measures also potentially conflict with trade rules contained in the WTO Agreements. This paper demonstrates how the...