Military planning has various authors. The kings and emperors of old decided on whom to make war, where and when, with what, and for how long. The British Empire was built on economic push and domination abroad via a strong fleet. When Prussia united Germany in the nineteenth century, the...

From a forced renunciation in 1946 of war as a tool of international relations, Japan progressed during the next 58 years – first pushed by a former enemy, then entrained by world events and a renewed emergence of nationalism at home – to de facto repudiation of a position of studied...

Purpose – The paper seeks to explore the relationship between the state and scientists, specifically regarding the ethical and moral issues of research and development of weapons and military technology. Design/methodology/approach – Using a methodology of experiential reasoning, the author...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to arrive at an understanding of how Japan allowed herself to become involved in a conflict with such tragic proportions, for both Japan and others, as the Second World War. Design/methodology/approach – In a reconstruction, a series of similarities in...