Effective sharing mechanisms of joint costs among beneficiaries of a project are a fundamental requirement for the sustainability of the project. Projects that are heterogeneous both in terms of the landscape of the area under development or the participants (users) lead to a more complicated...

The Yellow River basin, located in the semi-arid and arid climate zones in northern China, is confronted with serious problems of water deficit as well as water pollution. Due to increasing population, rising living standards, increasing pressure of expanding irrigation areas and developing...

Flood phenomenon became a public event that generally happened in Indonesia, including in Jakarta. This phenomenon, which is the water flooded from river bangs, due to decreasing river bangs capacity to carry out the water. The decreasing river capacity was an effect of increasing land and space...