Has the introduction of the Euro reduced the impact of national borders on cross-border market convergence across the Euro Area? This paper extends Engel and Rogers (1996) well known work on border effects to cities across Western Europe over the period 1995 to 2002. While cross-border prices...

No clear consensus exists in the existing literature on the effects of exchange rate volatility on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). A survey of past studies on this topic yields negative, positive, and indeterminate effects. Furthermore, the impact of currency risk appears to vary across both...