In this paper, we review policy levers that could potentially help close the achievement gap between African-American and white high school students, and draw on the literature to glean recommendations for superintendents, principals and education policy makers. We address, in turn: Policies to...

We examine variation in high school and college outcomes across New York City public high schools. Using data on 80,000 students who entered high school in 1998 and following them into the City University of New York, we investigate whether schools that produce successful high school students...

Research finds that small high schools deliver better outcomes than large high schools for urban students. An important outstanding question is whether this better performance is gained at the expense of losses elsewhere: Does small school reform lift the whole district? We explore New York...

We evaluate the effectiveness of small school reform as systemic reform in the nation’s largest school district, New York City. Using rich administrative data for four cohorts of students, we examine the extent to which graduation and testing outcomes improved for all students, not only those...

We evaluate the effectiveness of small high school reform in the country’s largest school district, New York City. Using a rich administrative data-set for multiple cohorts of students and distance between student residence and school to instrument for endogenous school selection, we find...

We evaluate the effectiveness of small high school reform in the country’s largest school district, New York City. Using a rich administrative dataset for multiple cohorts of students, we estimate a model of school outcomes using instrumental variables with multiple types of endogenous school...