contract - to those of its neighbours in Southern Africa. It is the result of the specific character of poverty in Botswana and …Botswana's welfare state is both a parsimonious laggard in comparison with some other middle-income countries in Africa … the enduring, but not unchallenged, political dominance of the conservatively paternalist Botswana Democratic Party. …

social policy better reduces poverty than social policies targeted at the poor. This article revisits Korpi and Palme … average share of household income from welfare transfers), low-income targeting, and universalism - and poverty and … developed and developing countries. Consistent with Korpi and Palme, we show (1) poverty is negatively associated with transfer …

lives of children and families and how governments respond to economic crises. We calculate child poverty rates before and …, and less unionization. While prior studies have examined within-country and cross-country variation in child poverty …, we quantify the impact that market, social policy transfers, and taxes had on child poverty. Last, within countries, we …