Traditional literature takes gravity variables, regional economic agreement formation, and economy similarity as exogenous variables when discussing the determinants of the bilateral trade flows. This research uses the bilateral trade information from 1986 to 2008 and the common types of trade...

This paper argues that it is necessary to allow for country-pair heterogeneity when using the gravity model to estimate international trade flows. We propose and estimate a fixed-effects model that eliminates the heterogeneity bias inherent in standard methods. Further, we show that there is no...

This paper argues that it is necessary to allow for country-pair heterogeneity when using the gravity model to estimate international trade flows. We propose and estimate a fixed-effects model that eliminates the heterogeneity bias inherent in standard methods. Further, we show that there is no...