This paper introduces a new comprehensive database of macroprudential policies, which combines information from various sources and covers 134 countries from January 1990 to December 2016. Using these data, we first confirm that loan-targeted instruments have a significant impact on household...

This paper investigates empirically the drivers of financial imbalances ahead of the global financial crisis. Three factors may have contributed to the build-up of financial imbalances: (i) rising global imbalances (capital flows), (ii) monetary policy that might have been too loose, (iii)...

A comprehensive account of the theory and practice of large-value payment systems in the banking sector. In particular it explores central banks' roles in payment systems, the risks on which central banks focus in their oversight activities, and the challenges central banks face as the payments...

The global financial crisis (GFC) underscored the need for additional policy tools to safeguard financial stability and ultimately macroeconomic stability. Systemic financial vulnerabilities had developed under a seemingly tranquil macroeconomic surface of low inflation and small output gaps....

The financial crisis that began in 2007 brought much of the global economy to its knees and nearly triggered another Great Depression. The financial storm gradually died down in 2009, at least in the United States, but even six years after that, much of the world had yet to fully recover from...

This note describes the key principles for the design and implementation of preemptive CFM/MPMs. These measures should be designed to be effective-so they achieve their intended goal and are not easily circumvented-and efficient-so they minimize distortions and costs. Preemptive CFM/MPMs should...