Payments for environmental services (PES) have become a popular approach to address environmental degradation. However, evidence on its effectiveness is mixed. PES is not a panacea, but there are many cases where PES can be a promising tool. Yet poor PES design translates into poor performance...

Consumers, mainly in Europe and North America, frequently express concerns about the environmental, social or health impacts of the products they purchase. When these products are produced abroad, consuming countries often resort to using trade policies and consumer actions targeting imported...

This paper addresses the issue of environmental and ecological impacts of nutrient flows within and between countries by reviewing and presenting data on nutrient balances and global nutrient movements. The results for nutrient depletion in agricultural soils during 1996-1999 show that in most...

Why do some countries establish their own national eco-labeling programs and some do not? In this paper, we provide both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggesting that the answer to this question can shed new light on three questions that have taken center-stage in the trade and...