The present research aimed to investigate the long-run and short-run effects of different sources of financial development on FDI inflow for middle-income economies during the period of study, 1980 to 2020. An annual frequency of data was obtained for the required set of variables from WDI and...

The study investigated the impact of the complementarity between foreign direct investment (FDI) and financial development on energy consumption in emerging markets. Although the relevance of the FDI-led energy consumption hypothesis is no longer contestable, the combined influence of FDI and...

Financial development has been considered an efficient and effective mechanism for the sustainable economic growth and development of emerging markets in past decades. However, various concerns have emerged in relation to the influences of financial sector development on income inequality. It is...

This paper studied whether the complementarity between financial development and foreign aid promotes economic growth in selected emerging markets using the panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) approach, with data ranging from 1994 to 2014. Although (1) aid-growth and (2)...

An all-inclusive financial system is one of the channels through which information and communication technology (ICT) affects economic growth. Digital financial inclusion is an evolving phenomenon that enhances the ease of access to and availability of formal financial services. Further,...