by the People’s Bank of China is increasingly used as a financial rescue mechanism, with more than USD 170 billion in …

crises when they do occur. These include sound debt management, strong monetary and fiscal frameworks, and robust bank …

endogenous bank fragility and slow recovery from crises. When banks' investment decisions are not contractible, depositors form … expectations about bank risk-taking and demand a return on deposits according to their risk. This creates strategic … of bank net worth and lead to a "gambling trap" with a persistent drop in investment and output. I bring the model to …

, in the context of the eurozone periphery, the increase in domestic government bond holdings, the reduction of bank credit …

, in the context of the eurozone periphery, the increase in domestic government bond holdings, the reduction of bank credit …

. In a financial crisis bank health is significantly damaged. Post-crisis regulatory changes have aimed at restoring bank … health, but measuring bank health by Tobin's Q, we find that the ill health of banks in the recent U.S. financial crisis and … the Euro crisis has persisted, especially compared to other crises in advanced economies. The low bank Q's cannot be …