We find a negative relation between democracy and initial public offering (IPO) underpricing for a sample of 23,050 IPOs across 45 countries. The effect of democracy on underpricing is weaker for IPOs audited by Big 4 auditing firms, backed by venture capital firms, and with better disclosure...

We explore the relationship between the returns of 64 dry bulk shipping company stocks’ prices and the main 15 commodities that bulk carriers transport. Using a principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the commodities dataset and a panel estimator, we find that a change in...

Practitioners and academics often consider IPO activity as a gauge of investor optimism and market valuation. This study investigates the cross-sectional implications of this concept at the country level. We use sorting and cross-sectional tests to examine linkages between past share issuance...