This study investigates how a firm's climate change risk (FCCR) and financial flexibility (FIFL) affect its value and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. We use data from publicly listed US firms for 2012-2021. We employed four estimation methods: bootstrap quantile...

This paper constructs a global anomaly index based on the 153 long-short portfolio returns of 33 stock markets. We find that global anomaly index is a strong negative predictor of future aggregate stock returns in international markets both in- and out-of-sample. It captures the common change in...

The destructive role of institutional quality such as corruption has been considered an important factor for economic growth, particularly in the European Union, where such practices dealt with zero tolerance. Environmental degradation such as massive carbon emissions is stressing the global...