Bilateral financial investments are not commonly available from a single source. Our database Finflows aims at centralising the information on bilateral capital financial stocks and financial flows in a single place. It provides estimates of external assets and liabilities flows between around...

This paper investigates how product and labour market regulations and red tape affect the way in which top corporate research and development (R&D) investors worldwide organise their cross-border operations. The decision about where a company locates its international subsidiaries is modelled...

This paper has updated the assessment of the Commission's forecasts' track record from 1999 by extending the observation period from 1969-1997 to also take into account the forecasts and outcome for the years 1998-2005. This update has also included some further tests on e.g. informational...

This year's edition of the EU Economy Review is entirely devoted to the issue of globalisation. It analyses recent trends and developments in international economic integration and examines its impact on the economy. This document is an integral element of the Commission's ongoing surveillance...

In October 2004, the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (ECFIN) held its first annual research conference. Its theme was "Business Cycles and Growth in Europe". The thirteen papers presented are collected here in revised form in two volumes as Economic Paper number 227, 1/2...

The objective of this literature review is to determine how the literature can inform policy makers on the choice of policy instruments. Does the empirical and theoretical literature unambiguously support, from an efficiency perspective, the case for liberalization? As a corollary, to what...

This paper examines the fiscal implications of the global transition to climate neutrality, focusing on government expenditures, revenues, and the need for a comprehensive fiscal strategy within country level transition plans. The paper analyses the impact of climate change and policy responses...

The current environment of low energy prices offers a window of opportunity to reform fossil fuel subsidies (FFSs). Carefully prepared FFS reforms could lead to more robust fiscal positions and contribute to potential growth through a reduction in economic distortions and the mitigation of...

This summary looks at the possible obstacles to using the euro in international trade in specific industries as perceived by companies in France, Germany, Italy and the UK - the four largest economies within the European Union. Following a mandate from the European Commission, the survey looked...

This summary looks at the possible obstacles to using the euro in international trade in specific industries as perceived by companies in France, Germany, Italy and the UK - the four largest economies within the European Union. Following a mandate from the European Commission, the survey looked...