Originating with the Newark foot patrol experiment, research has found police foot patrols improve community perception … of the police and reduce fear of crime, but are generally unable to reduce the incidence of crime. Previous tests of foot … summer of 2009 in Philadelphia. GIS analysis was the basis for a randomized controlled trial of police effectiveness across …

between policing and arrests. During shift changes a peculiar redeployment of police patrols belonging to separate police … that criminals exploit these dips in police performance. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that incapacitation …

circumstances. This paper exploits a natural experiment that aimed to increase police presence in more than 6,000 well-defined areas …An influential literature has used the aftermath of terrorist attacks to estimate large effects of police street … by police officers, we first document exogenous and discontinuous changes in patrolling intensity. We do not find that …