Studies of participatory policy-making show citizens' participation in policy-making yield better solutions and more successful policy performance. But studies of the Asian newly industrialized countries (NICs) of South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan attribute the successful economic policies and...

A debate persists over how economic performance fuels democratization. It is fanned partly by the divergent experiences of South Korea and Taiwan that suggest that economic growth leads to democratization. This paper provides a theoretical model that shows that economic downturns lead to...