In this paper we explore convergence of real per capita output across the European Union (EU) countries as well as the transitional behaviour of possible underlying factors that are responsible for any convergence or divergence pattern. The new panel convergence methodology developed by Phillips...

This paper assesses whether the linkages between R&D, human capital and productivity growth in a panel of EU manufacturing industries over the period 1980-2002 are affected by a critical level of human capital. To employ our data in an efficient manner, the study makes use of a dynamic...