According to theory, financial openness (FO) increases growth. The literature often conditions the growth effect of FO on favorable collateral environment. However, this can conceal the actual growth benefits of FO. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the unconditional...

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether the sensitivity of growth to natural resource endowments (NRE) may change depending on the endogenously estimated threshold level for international financial integration (IFI) in 13 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the 1970-2019...