The intensity and directions of knowledge flows between different actors are essential determinants in innovation. Knowledge acquisition is needed to find the relevant signals from markets, and knowledge sharing can facilitate benefits from network externalities and collaboration. A deeper...

Purpose: Prior research has confirmed the usefulness of both formal and informal protection mechanisms for governing knowledge flows. However, there is lack of research on the motivation and needs driving firms in their choice of mechanisms for each situation. The aim of this paper is to examine...