Concerns about the polarization of the labor market are widespread. However, countries vary widely in strategies for strengthening jobs at intermediate levels of skill. This paper examines the diversity of approaches to apprenticeship and related training for middle-level occupations. We begin...

The variance of the logarithm, often used to test for s-convergence, does not respect the properties expected for an inequality measure and it has problematic implications for world growth. Empirical tests for b-convergence are so weak that b-convergence can be observed simultaneously when one...

In Asia inequality in income between countries is more important than inequality within countries. In Africa, Latin America, and Western Europe and North America, by contrast, there are only small differences between countries; inequality within countries is more important. And when countries...

An optimal linear world income tax that maximizes a border-neutral social welfare function provides a drastic reduction in world consumption inequality, dropping the Gini coefficient from 0.69 to 0.25. In contrast an optimal decentralized (i.e., within countries) redistribution has miniscule...

In Asia inequality in income between countries is more important than inequality within countries. In Africa, Latin America, and western Europe and North America, by contrast, there are only small differences between countries; inequality within countries is more important. And when countries...