This paper unbundles institutions protecting domestic and foreign creditors' rights. We estimate a negative relation between the degree of domestic rights protection and the external stock of private nonguaranteed debt in 85 developing countries. A supply-side explanation is that strong domestic...

Political risk, one of the most significant uncertainty shocks, affects firms' future attitudes toward risks and plays a crucial role in their decision making. A stock price crash risk is a classical topic in financial markets; therefore, this paper probes the relationship between firm-level...