We construct a novel database of monthly foreign exchange interventions for 49 countriesover up to 22 years. We build on a text classification approach that extracts informationabout interventions from news articles and calibrate our procedure to data about actualinterventions. This new dataset...

his essay places the first blueprint for the Intellectual Property Currency (IPC) funding that the International Central Bank for Intellectual Properties (ICB/IP) would issue to finance the implementation of intellectual capital and the generation of the next one. The blueprint formulates the...

Rumors about the actual or potential currency diversification of countries' foreign exchange holdings out of dollars are not a new phenomenon. This working paper argues that such concerns about reserve diversification are exaggerated. We present evidence that the extent of actual diversification...

This study examines foreign exchange intervention based on novel daily data covering 33 countries from 1995 to 2011. We find that intervention is widely used and an effective policy tool, with a success rate in excess of 80 percent under some criteria. The policy works well in terms of smoothing...

Precedent studies have designed a novel financial mechanism ensuring others access and exploit intellectual capital while protecting the right holder’s profit. By the mechanism, the national central bank would fund the generation and adoption of intellectual capital, e.g., a license fee, and...

The antecedent studies have designed new funding with the intellectual capital money (IKM) upon trading the intellectual capital (IK) to ensure unimpeded access to it and spur its generation and exploitation. This piece examines the static and dynamic behavior of IKM in an open economy. The...

We study the curious patterns of gold holding and trading by central banks during 1979-2010. With the exception of several discrete step adjustments, central banks keep maintaining passive stocks of gold, independently of the patterns of the real price of gold. We also observe the...

The revival of a multilateral exchange rate system (ERS) with one single anchor currency and binding global rules for national exchange rate management is not a viable or realistic option. It is more realistic that the present 3-polar ERS in the medium term could dynamically enlarge to a 4-polar...

This study examines foreign exchange intervention based on novel daily data covering 33 countries from 1995 to 2011. We find that intervention is widely used and a highly effective policy tool, with a success rate in excess of 80 percent under some criteria. The policy works very well in terms...

This study examines foreign exchange intervention based on novel daily data covering 33 countries from 1995 to 2011. We find that intervention is widely used and an effective policy tool, with a success rate in excess of 80 percent under some criteria. The policy works well in terms of smoothing...