The objective of the report is to provide European Union (EU) policymakers with an actionable toolbox for how they can contribute to mobilising private finance for climate-friendly investments. Climatefriendly investments are defined as investments aligned with the transition to a low-carbon...

Across the globe, climate policy is increasingly using investment support instruments, such as grants, concessional loans, and guarantees – whereas carbon prices are losing importance. This development substantially increases the risk of inefficient public spending. In this paper, we examine...

This paper quantifies the macroeconomic impacts of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol based on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of international trade and energy use. Employing project-based CDM supply data we assess the relative importance of transaction...