Augmented Dickey-Fuller regressions on pooled (but not individual) real exchange rates for the post-1973 period consistently reject the unit root null, even after accounting for cross-sectional dependence. The inference that the series is stationary, however, is not necessarily correct, because...

We investigate the determinants of onset, duration and incidence of civil wars, and their sensitivity to different coding rules. Whatever the coding rule used, incidence of civil war is largely determined by poverty, country size, mountainous terrain and ethnic diversity. Poverty reduces the...