In January 2015, The Swiss Franc (CHF) appreciated unexpectedly against the Euro by approximately 15%. We document a new fact: French firms that exported to both the Swiss market and the Eurozone also exhibited a sudden change in their export prices to the Eurozone. We coin this the “exchange...

Over ten years after the launching of the Single Market the EC?s directives aimed to the liberalization of government procurement remain largely unimplemented. This paper analyses the consequences on the pattern of specialization, on welfare and on income inequalities of the persistence of a...

This study argues that the ability to mitigate risks associated with international trade is particularly important at times of heightened uncertainty, such as the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Risk mitigation can be achieved through letters of credit (LCs), trade finance...