Languages differ in the degree to which they employ gender distinctions for nouns and pronouns. Speaking a more … gendered language may highlight gender in the mind of the speaker, leading to more pronounced gender roles, and is associated … literature by showing that speaking a more highly gendered language is also associated with a greater gender gap in educational …

This paper studies the effect of emigration on gender norms in countries of migrants' origin. We use an instrumental … variable strategy that allows us to estimate a causal effect of emigration on gender inequality. Our findings suggest that … emigration to countries with low (high) levels of gender inequality is associated with promotion of more (less) progressive …

Many countries remain far from achieving gender equality in the classroom. Using data from 126 countries, we … characterize the evolution of gender gaps in low- and middle-income countries between 1960 and 2010. We document five facts. First …, gender gaps widened as more boys went to school, then narrowed as girls enrolled; thus, gender gaps got worse before they got …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … educational attainment as of 2011 but did not influence the gaps in political attainment and health status. The effect of trade …

While gender gaps in average math performance are close to zero in developed countries, women are still strongly … wide range of societal inequalities that are not directly related to gender. It is also observed in other parts of the … science and reading. Such findings highlight how differences in socio-economic and cultural factors can affect gender gaps in …

endowments and learning productivity, although the largest part remains unexplained. Countries’ general level of gender (in …

(sorting students into different types of secondary schools at an early age) on gender gaps in test achievement in a cross …-country difference-in-differences framework. We find strong evidence that early tracking increases gender differences in reading. For … math test scores, we do not find consistent evidence that early tracking contributes to the gender gap. …

We examine gender gaps in career dynamics in the legal sector using rich panel data from one of the largest global law … sample includes countries at different stages of development. We document the cross-country variation in gender gaps and how … these gaps have changed over time. We show that while there is gender parity at the entry level in most countries by the end …