, the theory's main insight being that the central government's electoral strength should, all else being equal, decrease … decentralization ; fiscal federalism ; vertical interactions ; partial decentralization ; elections …

When do opposition groups decide to mount a terrorism campaign and when do they enter an open civil conflict against … the ruling government? This paper models an opposition group's choice between peace, terrorism, and open conflict …. Terrorism emerges if executive constraints are intermediate and rents are sizeable. Open conflict is predicted to emerge under …

open civil conflict against the government. Our model implies that terrorism emerges if constraints on the ruling executive … group are intermediate and rents are sizeable, hereas conflict looms under poor executive constraints. Analyzing annual data … when considering the incidence and onset of terrorism and conflict. The corresponding magnitudes are economically sizeable …

nations, as in a strategic game of international conflict handing over military spending decisions to citizens who face a …

commitment of donors must not be in doubt. For these conditions to be in place, conflict resolution must be in donors' interests …

Studies presented the importance of conflict costs. Cultural diversity adds more complexity to working groups …, fostering conflict. The aim of this research is to investigate how cultural diversity affects conflict costs, measured in terms … and 185 respondents for culturally diverse conflict situations. The differences between the two groups are explored by …

dynamics and for internal conflict than is commonly acknowledged in both empirical and theoretical research. …