, upper middle income group, and high income group. We employ the GMM-SYS approach for the estimation of the panel VAR model … in each of the four groups. Afterwards, the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is tested … and economic growth; (b) in the middle income groups (lower and upper middle income groups), economic growth leads energy …

Our paper examines the triangular relationships between energy consumption, trade openness and economic growth of 45 … long run. Interestingly, the impact of energy consumption on economic growth is larger than the impact of trade openness …, trade openness evidence larger impact on energy consumption than the impact of economic growth. However, the effect of …

Exploring the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is important in energy economics. We … studies in South Korea overlook the nonlinear behavior of energy consumption and economic growth, we examine the possible … fluctuations, medium-run business cycles, and long-run economic growth. A unidirectional nonlinear causal relationship exists from …

The decoupling of energy-related carbon emissions from economic growth has been mostly driven by reductions of the … Structural Panel VAR model, by exploiting a novel measure given by the divergence between consumption-based and production …

oil price, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Venezuela. Economic growth, government consumption … negative effects on economic growth in the oil-rich economy. This study further examined the direction of causality between the … the economy. No significant causal relationship is found between energy consumption and economic growth. Energy …

countries. In particular, the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Africa remains largely unexplored. In …The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis advances an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and …

Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) considering trade and institutional quality for water pollution in Africa. Using data from 2002 to …