Many financial instruments are designed with embedded leverage such as options and leveraged exchange traded funds (ETFs). Embedded leverage alleviates investors' leverage constraints and, therefore, we hypothesize that embedded leverage lowers required returns. Consistent with this hypothesis,...

Many financial instruments are designed with embedded leverage such as options and leveraged exchange traded funds (ETFs). Embedded leverage alleviates investors' leverage constraints and, therefore, we hypothesize that embedded leverage lowers required returns. Consistent with this hypothesis,...

Many financial instruments are designed with embedded leverage such as options and leveraged exchange traded funds (ETFs). Embedded leverage alleviates investors' leverage constraints and, therefore, we hypothesize that embedded leverage lowers required returns. Consistent with this hypothesis,...

We propose a parsimonious, comprehensive proxy for innovations in limited arbitrage: the divergence between the return on an ETF and the return on the underlying net asset value. Consistent with a common component, we confirm limited arbitrage risk-factors, LAF, constructed from return...

The goal of this study is to determine which fund or country-specific characteristics predict accurate performance in terms of tracking country-specific stock market indices. Ninety-three country-specific exchange-traded funds from 47 different countries are included in this study. In accordance...

Gold investment has been a very important aspect for ages across the globe. This paper attempts to analyze the performance of gold Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) with respect to risk and return against the diversified equity fund and market portfolio. It also examines the role of gold in hedging...