The frequent oil spills in recent years have posed serious threats to the balance of ecosystems, global water security, and the efficient use of resources. Among them, the low mobility of high-viscosity crude oil makes it particularly difficult to handle. The introduction of heating function in...

"This paper examines the impact of short-sale constraints on the magnitude of international diversification benefit for U.S. investors during the period of 1976-1998. The diversification benefit is measured as the increase in expected return when switching from the U.S. equity index portfolio to...