91 countries around the world have established fiscal rules to limit national debt and/or budget deficits. Using data from previous natural disasters, this report investigates how these fiscal rules affect overall economic development following a crisis. The results show countries with fiscal...

The distributional and disruptive effects of energy supply shocks are potentially large. We study the effectiveness of alternative fiscal responses in a two-country HANK model calibrated to the euro area. Subsidies can stabilize the domestic economy, but they are fiscally costly and generate...

Climate change and monetary policy are becoming increasingly intertwined. The relationship between climate risk and inflation is non-trivial, presenting the ECB with a number of trade-offs in its monetary policy operations. Lately, the ECB has stepped up its efforts to embed climate change...

Climate change and monetary policy are becoming increasingly intertwined. The relationship between climate risk and inflation is non-trivial, presenting the ECB with a number of trade-offs in its monetary policy operations. Lately, the ECB has stepped up its efforts to embed climate change...

The price of cryptocurrency Bitcoin has risen sharply over the past ten years, with many investors adding Bitcoin to their portfolios, benefitting from price increases and diversifying their investments. But is Bitcoin suitable for this purpose? This Weekly Report examines the extent to which...