In this paper, the practice of using patents as collateral for debt has been studied. To this aim, the USPTO Patent Assignment database has been used and all the patents that reported the “security interest agreement” type of conveyance, registered in the 2007-2010 years, have been...

This paper highlights the main challenges faced by the Cleantech sector. Key barriers include limited access to external finance, with many respondents expecting to raise significant funds in the next five years. Additionally, stringent and uncertain standards and regulations create operational...

This paper explores the link between mobility and the presence of international research networks. Data come from the GlobSci survey of authors of articles published in 2009 in four fields of science working in sixteen countries. Summary evidence suggests that migration plays an important role...

We report results from the first systematic study of the mobility of scientists engaged in research in a large number of countries. Data were collected from 17,182 respondents using a web-based survey of corresponding authors in 16 countries in four fields during 2011. We find considerable...

We analyze the decisions of foreign-born PhD and postdoctoral trainees to come to the United States vs. go to another country for training. Data are drawn from the GlobSci survey of scientists in sixteen countries working in four fields. We find that individuals come to the U.S. to train because...