In this paper, we empirically investigate the causal nexus between economic growth (GDP), CO2 emissions (environmental degradation), financial development, and trade openness using the ordinary least squares technique for a yearly panel data of 40 European economies, during the period of study...

Existing research on Chinese multinational companies has overlooked the fact that China's outward foreign direct investment is facing a high failure rate even in their initial attempt to enter a foreign market. Grounded on institutional theory, this study provides a more holistic view of the...

We investigate this study to examine the relationship between economic growth, financial development, trade openness and CO2 emissions using the ordinary least squares (OLS) models for a panel data of 40 European countries during the period from 1985 to 2014. To estimate this causality we refer...