This paper addresses four persistent legal and philosophical issues that imbue workfare, albeit usually not explicitly. First, forced labour is relatively common charge against workfare. If workfare is tantamount to forced labour, it cannot be justified, legally or morally. But to what extent do...

Directive 79/7/EEC (Directive 79/7) was adopted to ensure equal treatment of men and women in mandatory statutory social security across the EU. It played a significant role in moving away from gendered social security systems (where men were oſten the primary earners) to more equitable models....

Directive 79/7/EEC (Directive 79/7) was adopted to ensure equal treatment of men and women in mandatory statutory social security across the EU. It played a significant role in moving away from gendered social security systems (where men were oſten the primary earners) to more equitable models....