We focused on multilateral cooperation and aid to North Korea. While it is true that North Korea and the international community both respectively have a certain desire for multilateral cooperation, we evaluate that due to the disagreements stemming from differing perspectives, correspondence,...

This study empirically demonstrates that there is indeed a positive relationship between trade and peace, by specifically showing that the physical state of peace and the structural elements of peace contribute to a country’s WTO membership, while WTO accession also contributes to achieving...

The problem of delayed implementation in prohibited subsidy disputes is a persistent problem in the WTO dispute settlement system. This article examines the WTO remedy system for enforcing WTO rulings in prohibited subsidy disputes to suggest some ways to improve the currently “ineffective”...

Secondly, as a means to prevent subsidy disputes involving basic industries which typically involve a substantial amount of R&D programs, joint international R&D programs may be considered as another practical alternative. Compared to other industries, basic industries require more substantial...

One of the important goals of trade facilitation is to lower the costs of trade that serve as a barrier to the developing countries from enjoying the benefits of increased trade and becoming integrated into global supply chains that account for nearly 60 percent of global trade today. The high...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has treated agricultural subsidies as exceptional. This paper delves into the historical origin of the agricultural subsidies rules of the GATT/WTO. During the era of the GATT 1947, agricultural subsidies were subject to rules for general subsidies with a few...

This paper delves into the relationship between trade and competition, which has long been a subject largely untouched since the issue had been dropped from the multilateral trade agenda in 2003. The need to incorporate elements of competition policy into international trade rules has long been...