It is argued that liquidity risk caused by high-frequency trading in the institutional FX market is a more important factor than volatility risk. For mitigating the former, it is suggested that multi-dealer FX platforms introduce the market maker status (MMS). Those traders that have MMS would...

Two suggestions are offered to address growing criticism of the ESG-based investing. First, socially responsible investors need to use portfolio performance measure that is explicitly sensitive to the portfolio ESG value. Second, since the corporate ESG ratings are not regulated and are vaguely...