The 2008 financial crises strongly challenged the European Union, a threat which was even reinforced by the 2010 sovereign credit crisis. Initially, its member states responded to the crisis in an ad hoc and uncoordinated manner. As the crisis persisted, it became clear that the individual...

"Contemporary financial markets have been characterized by sociocultural phenomena such as "meme stocks", the Gamestop short squeeze, and "You Only Live Once (YOLO) trading". These are movements led by small-scale retail investors banding together to participate forcefully in financial markets...

This paper provides an overview of the political economy literature dealing with questions related to global governance, with a particular focus on its democratization. It further outlines an ambitious research agenda for bringing global governance and its structures within the political economy...

The aim of this contribution is to review the dispute settlement provisions in the EU’s trade agreements and assess their evolution in light of their potential to provide a viable alternative for the EU for the currently challenged WTO dispute settlement mechanism. It reviews the theory of...

This is the introduction to a book that explores the consequences of European integration for the application of public international law in the European Union and its Member States. As a consequence of the combination of expansion of the regulatory domain of international law and the increasing...

The rise of large emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa – or the ‘BRICS’ – increasingly dominates global energy demand. Whereas these countries experience a steady growth of their middle class and increase their population’s access to energy, other parts...

Private standards have increasingly become a contentious issue in the multilateral trading system. The ever increasing number of sector-specific standards developed by businesses, in particular in the food market, may have significant implications for developing countries in terms of market...

The present chapter assesses the possibility of improving the framework of negotiations on international investment agreements, in particular from the viewpoint of developing and least-developed capital-importing countries. The chapter analyses the viability of deliberations on a multilateral...

Commons and global public goods have become essential concepts in the current debate on governance. Many scholars still refer to their use in rational-choice theory, where these concepts relate to the classification of goods based on the objective criteria of (non-) excludability and (non-)...